Glossary of Cyber Resilience and Cybersecurity
Find definitions of key terms related to cyber resilience. Stay informed and keep your business secure.
Social Engineering Attack
Any attempt to exploit human behavior to gain access to systems or sensitive information (phishing, smishing, vishing, impersonation, etc.).
Backdoor / Trojan
Malicious programs that install themselves discreetly, opening backdoors that allow attackers to access the system whenever they want.
Cybersecurity
A set of practices, processes, and technologies designed to protect systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, or damage.
Safety Culture
A set of behaviors, habits, and practices that ensure all employees act safely when using technology and data.
Compliance
An organization’s ability to comply with legal, regulatory, or industry best practice standards—such as NIS2, GDPR, DORA, or ISO 27001.
Cyber Resilience (Cybersecurity Awareness)
Employees' ability to recognize, avoid, and report behaviors or situations that pose digital security risks.
Cyber Resilience
An organization’s ability to withstand, respond to, and recover quickly from cybersecurity incidents, minimizing operational, financial, and reputational impacts.
DORA
European regulation on digital operational resilience in the financial sector, including requirements for training, risk management, and incident response.
Cybersecurity E-learning
Online training with interactive content (videos, quizzes, real-life scenarios) designed to develop employees' digital security skills.
Social Engineering
Techniques used by attackers to manipulate people, leading them to disclose sensitive information or take actions that compromise the company’s security.
ISO 27001
An international standard for Information Security Management Systems, which includes requirements for training and ongoing professional development.
Malware
Malicious software designed to damage systems, steal information, or enable unauthorized control of devices.
MFA – Multi-Factor Authentication
A security mechanism that requires more than one form of identification (e.g., password + text code text app).
NIS2
A European directive that strengthens cybersecurity obligations for critical and important entities, including mandatory training requirements and measures to mitigate human-related risks.
Fraudulent Order
A request that appears legitimate (e.g., urgent transfer, IBAN change) but is actually made by an attacker impersonating an authority figure or colleague.
Weak Password
A password that is easy to guess or has been reused, which significantly increases the risk of unauthorized access.
Phish Report / Phish Reporter
A button or add-in integrated into the email that allows employees to report suspicious messages by sending them directly to security teams for review.
Phish Simulator
A solution tool that allows you to create and send realistic, customizable phishing simulations, complete with detailed metrics and reports.
Phishing
An attack involving the sending of messages (email, text, digital platforms) that impersonate legitimate entities, tricking users into clicking on malicious links or sharing sensitive data.
Ransomware
Malware that locks systems or encrypts files, demanding a ransom to restore access.
Report Suspicious Emails
An action in which an employee forwards or flags a potentially malicious message to the security team, speeding up analysis and mitigation.
Human Risk
The likelihood that an employee will perform an action that results in a security incident, such as opening a malicious attachment or sharing sensitive information.
Credential Theft
Fraudulently obtaining usernames, passwords, or tokens that allow unauthorized access to the organization’s systems.
Security Resilience Training
Ongoing training that combines instruction, educational content, and attack simulations to reduce human risk and reinforce a safety culture.
Managed Service
A model in which MEO Empresas the operational management of the solution, including campaigns, reports, configurations, and program development.
Phishing Simulation
Sending fake but controlled emails designed to train employees, assess behavior, and measure human risk.
Smishing
A type of phishing carried out via text, directing the user to fake websites or malicious actions.
SOC – Security Operations Center
A specialized team that monitors, detects, and responds to security incidents in real time.
Spoofing
Falsifying a sender's identity (email address, phone number, website) to deceive the user.
Vishing
A social engineering attack carried out via a phone call, in which the attacker impersonates a legitimate entity.
Vulnerability
A flaw or weakness in a system, process, or human behavior that can be exploited by attackers.